 500s
|
600s
|
|
800s
|
|
|
| |
|
|
2 Kingdom of Dyfed 410 - 909 501   |
|
26 Deheubarth 920 - 1197 277 |
3 Kingom of Strathclyde 400s - 1030 630s |
Powys 420 - 1160 750 |
| |
East Anglia |
|
|
Mercian
|
E Anglia |
Norse |
14 Kingdom of East Anglia 550 - 917 367 |
|
|
|
Independant Kent |
Mercian Domination |
5 Kingdom of Kent 450 - 871 421 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
25 Kingom of Alba 900 - 1286 386 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Fairhair |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
500s |
600s |
700s |
800s |
900s |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 860 Discovery of Iceland by Norwegians |
|
Þingvellir
Old Icelandic
Federation
| 934 - 940 6 Katla/Eldgjá eruption |
|
| 920 Ulfljotr Norwegian brings Gulathing Law to Iceland, where it is used as a model upon which Icelandic Law is based. |
| 930 First Althing held at Thingvellir in Iceland, establishment of Icelandic Free State. |
| 930 First Althing held at Thingvellir in Iceland, establishment of Icelandic Free State. |
| 910 - 90 80 Egill Skallagrimsson Life of poet/warrior |
|
|
500s |
600s |
700s |
800s |
900s |
|
|
 Kingdom of Dumnonia
290 - 800 510
|
| 500 Caherconnell Stone Fort |
| 500 Kings crowned at Lia Fáil Hill of Tara |
|
Kingdom of Dumnonia
290 -
800 510
Possible rulers as ancestors of an Earl of Cornwall |
|
| 640 1490 Innisfallen Abbey at Innisfallen Island |
|
7 -
1100s Clonmacnoise Cathedral
|
| 7 -
1200s Ardmore Cathedral |
|
| 845 AlGhazals embassy to Turgeis, King of Vikings in Ireland. |
8 -
1100s Glendalough Round Tower at
|
| 8 -
1100s Kinneigh Round Tower |
|
|
| |
|
Kingdom of Dyfed
410 -
909 501
| ? Cloten = Ceindrech of Brycheiniog, uniting two kingdoms |
| ? - 740 Rhain also king of Brycheiniog; on his death, his kingdoms were divided again by his sons |
|
|
Kingdom of Dyfed
410 -
909 501
|
|
Kingdom of Dyfed
410 -
909 501
|
|
Kingdom of Powys
420 - 1160 750
|
|
|
Kingdom of Powys
420 1160 750
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Kingdom of Ceredigion
424 -
909 485
|
|
|
|
| |
Kingdom of Gwynedd
450 -
1282 832
|
|
Kingdom of Gwynedd
450 -
1282 832
|
|
Kingdom of Gwynedd
450 -
1282 832
| 814 -
25 11 Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog With Hywels death all male descendants of Maelgwn Gwynedd have expired, & Merfyn Freckled succeeds because his mother Esyllt was eldest daughter of Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri, & niece to last king Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog. |
|
|
Gwynedd 
450 -
1282 832
10th & 11th century usurpations |
|
|
Ancient & Mythological Kings of Munster |
489 - 522 33 Eochaid mac Óengusa,
DubGilcach mac Óengusso, unknown |
| 522 - 42 20 Crimthann Srem mac Echado r. |
| 577 - 82 5 Fergus Scandal mac Crimthainn Airthir Chliach, Feidlimid mac Coirpri Chruimm, unknown |
| 582 - 8 6 Feidlimid mac Tigernaig, r. |
| 596 - 601 5 Amalgaid mac Éndai r. |
|
|
Ancient & Mythological Kings of Munster |
|
|
Ancient & Mythological Kings of Munster |
|
|
Ancient & Mythological Kings of Munster |
|
|
Ancient & Mythological Kings of Munster |
Kings of Munster from 970 |
Of Dál gCais, or, if marked (E), Eóganacht.
|
|
Kingdom of Ui Maine
503 - 1771 1268
|
|
Kingdom of Ui Maine
503 - 1771 1268
|
|
Kingdom of Ui Maine
503 -
1771 1268
|
|
Kingdom of Ui Maine
503 -
1771 1268
|
|
Kingdom of Ui Maine
503 -
1771 1268
|
|
Kingdom of Deira
559 - 679 120
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kingdom of Osraige
|
|
|
|
Kingdom of Ossory (Osraige)
| 842 -
88 46 Cerball mac Dúnlainge Leading his army, he is recorded as having slaughtered 1,200 Danes at CarnBrammin (Bramblestown), in Co. Kilkenny in 845 AD. In 847 AD it is proposed that he had "Saint Canices" Round Tower built. |
|
|
Osraige
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Kingdom of Mide
743 1173 430
|
|
Kingdom of Mide
743 -
1173 430
|
|
Kingdom of Mide
743 -
1173 430
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
500s |
600s |
700s |
800s |
900s |
|
|
| 596 St. Augustine arrived in England with 40 monks. He was sent by Gregory Great. |
| Probably at some time in this century, Beowulf is composed. |
|
| 639 SuttonHoo shipburial Swedish Origen |
| 659 Penda last heathen king of England, dies in battle. |
600 Sutton Hoo Burial Mound cleaned
|
|
By end of 8th century, Dumnonia was much reduced in size by aggressive advance of West Saxons & remaining territory became rump state of Kingdom of Cornwall. generally accepted date for this transition is around 800. Subsequent possible rulers also appear in Book of Baglan
| 710 -
5 5 Ithel Eiddyn ap Donyarth Ithel Rock |
| 730s Dyfnwal Boifunall ap Ithel Dyfnwal of Boifunall |
|
| 700s Alcuin, English monk, deacon, scholar, & teacher; Charlemagnes advisor in educational affairs |
|
| 851 First Norse raid on Wales recorded in Welsh chronicles Annales Cambriae, Brut y Tywysogion & Brut y Saeson stating that a certain Cyngen or Cinnen died on swords of "the Heathen". |
| 8 - 1900s 1100s Newport Cathedral |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ SE England Anglians, Geats descended from Norse Gods. Mentioned in Beowulfs story.
|
|
|
Kingdom of Lindsey
440s -
890s 450
|
|
Kingdom of Lindsey
440s -
890s 450
|
|
|
Kingdom of Gwynedd
450 - 1282 832
Line of Maelgwn Gwynedd
547 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 500 - 12 12 Oisc (Oesc, Aesc, Oeric) no charters ^ Hengest or Octa |
512 - 34 22 Octa
(Octha) no chartersson of Hengest |
|
|
| 590 -
616 26 Æðelberht 1 no genuine charters 1st Christian King of Kent |
| 685 -
6 1 Eadric Eadricus rex Cantuariorum Ædricus rex Edricusson of Ecgberht 1; reigning jointly with Hlothhere killed 687 |
| 686 - 8 2 Mul Mulo rege regnum Cantie brother of Cædwalla, King of Wessex acceded still reigning
692 Swæfheard Suebhardus rex Cantuariorum Sueaberdus rex Cantie ^ Sæberht, King of Essex, reigning jointly in Kent with Oswine & Withred 689 Swæfberht Gabertus Suebertus rex Cantuariorum jointly with Oswine |
| 690 - 2 1 Wihtred Wihtredus died 725 rex Cantie Wythredus rex Cantuariorum Wihtredus rex Cantuariorum ^ Ecgberht 1; reigned jointly with Swæfheardsucceeded |
| 692 -
725 33 Ælfric no charters ^ succeeded jointly with his brothers Æðelberht 2 & Eadberht 1 |
|
|
| 725 -
48 23 Eadberht 1 ^ Wihtred; reigned jointly with his brothers Æðelberht 2 & Ælfric |
Mercian Domination
748 -
871 123 |
| 725 - 6237 Æðelberht 2 ^ Wihtred; reigned jointly with his brothers Eadberht I & Ælfric, & nephew Eardwulfunknown Eardwulf Earduulfus rex Cantuariorum Eardulfus rex Cantiaeson of Eadberht 1; reigned jointly with Æðelberht 2; contemporary with Archbishop Cuðbert 740 760 |
| 762 Sigered jointly with Eadberht II unknown |
| 764 -
5 1 Heaberht jointly with Ecgberht 2 |
| 798 -
809 11 Cuðred brother of Cœnwulf & Ceolwulf d 807 |
|
|
| 809 - 21 12 Cœnwulf Ceonulfus Christi gracia rex Merciorum atque provincie Cancie brother of Cuðred & Ceolwulf; also King of Mercia 796 821 |
821 -
5 4 Ceolwulf Ceolwulf rex Merciorum vel etiam Contwariorum Ceolwulf rex Merciorum seu etiam Cantwariorum brother of Cuðred & Cœnwulf; also King of Mercia 821 823  in 825 |
| 825 Baldred no charters; coins: BALDRED REX CANT expelled by Æðelwulf in 825 |
|
|
|
| |
Kingdom of Sussex
477 -
772 275
| 514 -
67 53 Cissa coruled 491 X90 |
| 685 Andhun According to Bede, an alderman of King. Ceawlin of Wessex |
|
|
Kingdom of Sussex
477 -
772 275
|
|
|
|
Kingdom of Cornwall
490s - 1066 576
SE England. Limited King list
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kingdom of Bernicia
500 - 654 154
|
|
Kingdom of Bernicia
500 -
654 154
|
|
|
|
|
Kingdom of Gwent
500 - 1067 567
@ Caerwent S England No * list |
|
|
|
|
|
Picts |
Early kings 430s - 580 150s |
first king who appears in multiple early sources is Bridei ^ Maelchon, & kings from later 6th century onwards may be considered historical as their deaths are generally reported in Irish sources.
|
|
| 653 -
7 4 Talorgan ^Eanfrith of Bernicia |
Later historical kings
693 -
839 146 |
| 692 -
6 4 Taran ^Ainftech < |
|
|
706 -
24 18 Nechtan <  Adopted Roman dating of Easter 712 founder of churches & monasteries |
| 724 -
9 5 Drest X ^< Imprisoned Nechtan |
| 732 -
9 7 Talorgan ^Drostan *Atholl sub* executed by drowning |
| 750 -
63 13 Bridei ^Fergus <Onuist *Fortiu |
| 782 -
7 5 Drest ^Talorgan |
|
|
| 834 -
9 5 Eógan ^Óengus Xbattle against Vikings; led to a decade of conflict |
deaths of Eógan & Bran appears to have led to a large number of competitors for throne of Pictland.
Cináed mac Ailpín defeated rival kings, winning out by around 845–848. He is traditionally considered first "King of Scots", or of "Picts & Scots", allegedly having conquered Picts as a Gael, which is turning history back to front, as most modern scholars point out, he was actually King of Picts, & terms King of Alba & even later King Scots were not used until several generations after him.
|
|
| 900 Domnall ^Causantin Kings of Alba |
|
|
|
Kingdom of Wessex
519 -
927 408
|
|
Kingdom of Wessex
519 -
927 408
|
|
|
Kingdom of Wessex
519 -
927 408
|
Kingdom of England 1
927 -
1649 724
Wessex Cerdicing
927 -
1015 87 |
925 - 39 14  Athelstan glorius |
| 921 - 946 25 ^ Edward Elder & Eadgifu of Kent three children |
955 -
9 4 Eadwig (Eadwig)
24 November
940
son of Edmund Magnificent & Ælfgifu Ælfgifu 1 October 959
aged about 19 |
|
|
Kingdom of Mercia
527 - 919 392
Repton, Tamworth
| 527 - ? Icel ^ Eomer last King of Angles in Angeln. Led his people across North Sea to Britain. |
584 - 93 9  Creoda ^ Cynewald. Probable founder of Mercian royal fortress at Tamworth. 593 |
| 593 - 606 13 mi Pybba ^ Creoda. Extended Mercian control into western Midlands |
|
|
Kingdom of Mercia
527 -
919 892
| 606 - 26 20 mi Cearl No known relation to his predecessors. Possibly a usurper or distant kinsman 626 |
653 - 6 3  Peada < Coruler in southeast Midlands. Murdered.17 Apr 656 |
Northumbian Domination
655 -
658 3 |
658 - 75 17  nWulfhere ^ Penda. Restored Mercian dominance in England. 1st Christian king of Mercia. 675 |
|
|
Kingdom of Mercia
527 -
919 392
|
|
Kingdom of Mercia
527 -
919 392
| 796 - 821 25 Cœnwulf Seventh generation descendant of Pybba, probably through a sister of Penda. Assumed title of emperor.821 |
| 823 - 6 3 Beornwulf Conjectured kinsman of Beornred. Killed in battle against East Anglians.826 |
| 826 - 7 1 Ludeca No known relation to his predecessors. Killed in battle against East Anglians.827 |
| 827 - 9 2 Wiglaf (1st reign) No known relation to his predecessors. by Ecgberht of Wessex.839 |
Wessex Domination
829 -
830 1 |
| 830 - 9 9 Wiglaf 2ndx Restored. Although Mercia regained its independence, its dominance in England was lost. 839 |
840 Wigstan ^ Wigmund. Declined kingship & was later  by Beorhtwulf. Canonised (St Wystan). 849
Ælfflæd (Queen) 840 Daughter of Ceolwulf I, wife of Wigmund & mother of Wigstan. Appointed regent by Wigstan.? |
| 840 - 52 12 Beorhtwulf Claimed to be a cousin of Wigstan. Usurped kingship & forced Ælfflæd to marry his son, Beorhtfrith. 852 |
| 874 - 83 9 mi Ceolwulf 2 Possibly a son or grandson of Wigmund & Ælfflæd. Set up by Danes as a puppet ruler in western Mercia 883 |
|
|
Kingdom of Mercia
527 -
919 392
| 911 -
18 7 Æthelflæd (Lady) Wife of Æthelred II, daughter of Alfred of Wessex & niece of Burgred. Reconquered eastern Mercia 918 |
Titular kings following Mercias annexation
| 924 Æthelstan ^ Edward Elder & nephew of Æthelflæd. Became King of Mercia on Edwards death (Jul 924), & King of Wessex about 16 days later.27 Oct 939 |
| 957 -
9 2 mi Eadgar Nephew of Æthelstan. Seized control of Mercia & Northumbria in May 957, before succeeding to reunited English throne in Oct 959.8 Jul 975 |
Ealdormen & Earls of Mercians
957
chief magnate of Mercia as an English province held title of ealdorman until 1023/32, & earl thereafter. Both offices were royal appointments, but latter in effect became hereditary. Ealdormen of Mercians (nondynastic)
Earls of Mercians (descendants of Leofwine)
| 957 -
83 26 Ælfhere Appointed ealdorman, or prince of Mercians in 957 by Eadgar, when English kingdom was disunited.983 |
|
|
Kingdom of Essex
527 - 812 285
|
|
Kingdom of Essex
527 -
812 85
|
|
Kingdom of Essex
527 812 285
|
|
Kingdom of Essex
527 -
812 285
|
|
Kingdom of Strathclyde
400s - 1030 200
North England |
|
Kingdom of East Anglia
550 - 917 417
| 550 - 71 21 Wehha first to rule over East Angles (Historia Britonum) |
|
|
Kingdom of East Anglia
550 -
917 417
|
|
Kingdom of East Anglia
550 -
917 417
|
|
Kingdom of East Anglia
550 -
917 417
Subkings under Norse Suzerainty |
|
|
East Anglia
550 -
917 417
|
|
Kingdom of Cait
550s - 697 240s
Pictish (Scottish) Caithness N Scotland. No * list |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Kingdom of Deira
559 - 679 120
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Kingdom of Northumbria
653 -
954 301
|
|
Kingdom of Northumbria
654 -
878 24
|
|
Kingdom of Northumbria
654 -
867 213
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Kingdom of Fortriu
843 - 1300 457
C Scotland Moray & Eastern Ross Pictish Kingdom. No * List |
|
|
| |
|
|
Scotland 1
843 -
1707 864
843 - 58 15  Kenneth 1 (Coinneach mac Ailpein) Cináed mac Ailpín
Ciniod m. Ailpinson of Alpin king of Dal Riata Rex Pictorum
("King of Picts") An Ferbasach, "The Conqueror" |
| 858 -
62 4 mi Donald 1 Dòmhnall mac Ailpein Domnall mac Ailpínson of Alpin king of Dal Riata, & brother of Kenneth 1 Rex Pictorum |
| 877 - 81 Aed An FinnShoichleach, "The WineBountiful" Áed (Aodh mac Choinnich) Áed mac CináedaSon of Kenneth 1 Rex Pictorum
("King of Picts") |
|
|
Kingdom of Alba
900 - 1286 386
Scotland |
|
| |
|
|
Kingdom of York
876 - 954 78
England
| late
9th century/early 10th century |
|
|
Kingdom of York
876 -
954 78
| 954 Absorbed into England |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Kingdom of Deheubarth
909 - 1197 288
|
|
|
500s |
600s |
700s |
800s |
900s |
|
|
| 500 - 30 30 Lives of historical antecedents of Beowulf king of Geats, Hrothgar, Hrolf Kraki. |
|
|
Kingdom of Denmark
710 Present - 1301 591
|
772 - 804 32 mi Saxon Wars |
793 - 1066 273 Viking raids across Europe
793 Norse searaiders sack AngloCeltic monastary at Lindisfarne. |
795  Norse raids on Ireland begin. |
737 - 1160 423 Building of Danevirke |
| 794 Denmark emerged under Sigurd. |
793 - 1066 73  Viking raids across Europe |
793  Norse searaiders sack AngloCeltic monastary at Lindisfarne. |
|
795 Norse raids on Ireland begin. |
|
Kingdom of Denmark
710 Present - 1301 591
| 804 - 10 6 mi Gudfred "Godfrid" |
|
| 890s Reign of King Helgi of Denmark, followed by Swedish rule of Denmark under King Olaf Swede. |
853 - 73 Reign of King Rorik of Denmark. |
| 800 Elder Futhark is replaced by Younger or SixteenRune Futhark. |
873 - 91 18 Kings Sigfred & Halfdan are corulers of Denmark. |
810 - 27 17 Reign of King Harald Klak of Denmark. |
827 - 53 26 Reign of King Horik Godfredsson of Denmark. |
| 800 Elder Futhark is replaced by Younger or SixteenRune Futhark. |
| 800 - 10 10 Reign of King Godfrid of Denmark. |
800s  Beowulf might have been written down in this century, though it could also have been in 8th century. |
|
Kingdom of Denmark
710 Present - 1301 591
Swedish House
|
950 - 83 33 Reign of King Haraldr Bluetooth of Denmark, Denmark adopts Christianity. |
| 982 Eirikr inn Rauda (Eric Red) of Norway discovers Greenland. |
| 983 Start of reign of King Svein Forkbeard of Denmark. |
986  Settlement of Greenland |
935 - 50 15 Reign of King Gorm Old of Denmark. |
|
|
500s |
600s |
700s |
800s |
900s |
|
|
|
|
| 630 Olaf became King of Norway. |
|
| 700 Primitive Norse (or Runic Norse) gives way to Old Norse. |
|
834  Oseberg ship |
890  Gokstad ship |
|
| 947 Start of reign of King Olafr Tryggvasson of Norway, Norway adopts Christianity. |
|
|
500s |
600s |
700s |
800s |
900s |
|
|
| 530 nt Battle of Lake Vanern |
| 550 - 793 243 Valsgärde Burial |
|
| 600s VendelHelmet from a Vendel era |
|
| 790 mi Sweden emerged under Ragnor Lodbrog. |
790s  Birka ship |
|
| 852 Swedish Rus become dominant among Volga. |
|
|
|
500s |
600s |
700s |
800s |
900s |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| 922 IbnFadlan, an Arab ambassador to Scandinavian Rus along Volga, writes his account of their customs, including a full description of a ship/cremation funeral. |
|
|
500s |
600s |
700s |
800s |
900s |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
500s |
600s |
700s |
800s |
900s |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
500s |
600s |
700s |
800s |
900s |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
- 
- 
/png 32px/Icon_finger,-hand,-gesture,-point,-left.png){kind=icon}
/png 32px/Icon_finger,-hand,-gesture,-point,-right.png){kind=icon}
- 
.gif){kind=small}
Cerdic
Battle of Camlann
Ceawlin
Cynegils
Cwichelm
Penda
Egbert
Alfred Great
Excalibur 1981
First Knight 1995
Battle of Ethandun
Edward
Athelstan
Oswiu
poisoned 
Offa
Wulfric
Ceolwulf
Eadberht
Eardwulf
Eanred
Bagsecg
Halfdan
Harthacnut
Sweyn Forkbeard
Leif Eiriksson
Vikings Starz show 2014
Vikings 1958 
Viking Sagas 1995
Battle of Hafrsfjord
Haakon 1
Battle of Bravellir 